The interest that has arisen in the interactional competence of nonnative speakers 1 is an outgrowth of the general shift that has taken place in studies of nnsns interactions away from an early focus on difference and difficulty to a focus on success. Using longitudinal conversation analysis to understand situated learning. Structural organization in social interaction social interaction, as free and open as it can be, is fundamentally organized around recurrent sequential patterns that. The display of interactional competence then relies on the extent to which testtakers jointly contribute to a contextspecific conversation by using the necessary linguistic and interactional resources e. Chapter 9 instructed l2 interactional competence in the first year. The interactional architecture of the language classroom a conversation analysis perspective. Adding this piece to the jigsaw, the current paper. Tracking the development of interactional competence. Interactional competence in language learning, teaching. Exploring interactional competence in nnsns conversation.
Pdf tracking the development of interactional competence. This chapter problematizes the classroom interactional competence cic of learners and teachers working in content and language integrated learning clil contexts. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. The development of interactional competence has been studied by employing conversation analysis ca in a longitudinal design to reveal trajectories of change in individuals interactional practices within a given speechexchange system ses. The\ud assessed group interactions are analyzed using a conversation analytic approach,\ud supplemented by data from mock assessments and stimulated recall interviews with\ud studentcandidates and teacherraters. Overlapped tagpositioned address terms in closing sequences. The sociocultural theory upholds learner participation as the key for learning to take place.
The findings have indicated that learners interactional competence is a broad concept, which comprises not just withinturn and betweenturn topic development as seen in initiating and responding, but also turntaking management and active listening, and have provided support for the body of literature that has argued for a broader. We will then consider how ic has been addressed in research on second language use and development and in language testing. The presentation will also explore the pedagogical implications of ic. This is followed by an introduction to conversation analysis and its application to language learning and teaching.
Developing interactional competence by using tv series in. The first application examines the characteristics of interactional competence whilst the second investigates the characteristics of intercultural competence through the. A sample of an excerpt taken from a conversation of an american tv talk show was recorded and transcribed. L2 interactional competence as increased ability for. Jefferson, gail 1973 a case of precision timing in ordinary conversation. Pdf a conversation analytic study on the development of. Interactional competence in paired speaking tests iowa research.
A conversation analytic study on the development of interactional competence in english in an online taskoriented environment thesis pdf available june 2016 with 1,408 reads how we measure. Ca originated as a sociological method, but has since spread to other fields. The interactional architecture of the language classroom a. This article focuses on the use of conversation analysis ca to help teaching interactional competence in english to adult second language learners from lower to intermediate levels.
Chapter 7 interactional competence and study abroad. Chapter 8 developing interactional competence with limited linguistic resources. Interactional competence second language learning structural organization conversation analysis office hour meeting teacherstudent interaction 1. To set the context, this article gives a brief overview on the use of ca in second language research as well as considering the construct of interactional. Developing interactional competence through videobased.
Recently, a growing body of conversation analytic ca research on sla has taken up the challenge to identify what interactional competence henceforth ic is and how it develops over time for overviews see kasper and wagner 2011. Interactional and intercultural competence in tandem. The project whose results nguyen shares in this volume emerges. Pdf using conversation analysis in the second language. A series of conversation analysis based pedagogical activities for increasing interactional awareness this article presents a series of activities that are informed by research on conversation analysis and used for increasing the efl english as a foreign language learners awareness of interactional mechanisms of english language. Conversation analysis ca provides researchers with a set of microanalytic tools and a solid set of research findings about human interaction as it naturally occurs in both ordinary, everyday interactions and in interactions that occur in institutional settings. Practices of interactional competence such as conversational organization, situational characteristics, lexical choices, linguistics devices, and other conventions of speech behavior are identified and then discussed in details. The basic interactional competence of language learners. If an individual has the opportunity to participate in the same ses multiple times, she can modify. The interactional management of patients physical incompetence.
The characteristics of interactional and intercultural competence are established in this thesis by applying the principles of conversation analysis using the same set of data. Conversation analysis offers a wealth of knowledge that can make our understanding of interactional competence more specific, more systematic, and more pedagogically sound. Empirical methods, findings, and pedagogical implications. Using conversation analysis in the second language classroom to teach interactional competence. The following guidelines are provided for submissions using an ethnomethodological approach to conversation analysis ca as originated by sacks, schegloff, and jefferson 1974 and schegloff, jefferson, and sacks 1977. That early focus on difference and difficulty presupposes that language learners are helpless to. A conversational analysis model for promoting practices of. To inform language learning and pedagogy, several researchers have advocated conversation analysis as the methodological approach to deal with interactional competence. Following a conversation analysis approach, the present study explores the significance of. Using conversation analysis, the teacherresearcher examines and then compares how students employ turntaking, topic management, repair and alignment strategies respectively in. Through multimodal conversation analysis ca, we consider how cic is enacted in dialogues which focus on both subject content and english.
Second language interactional competence and its development. Through a combination of conversation analysis tools and quantitative data analysis, the use. Using conversation analysis in the second language. The findings of this study will provide significant information to extend comprehensive understanding of classroom participation by describing different modes of tutees participation. Using conversation analysis in the second language classroom. In order to understand interactional competence, hall and doehler 2011 claimed a need to. These observations lead to the conclusion that language teachers must expand their current understanding of communicative competence to include ic. Using conversation analysis in the second language classroom to. Although a substantial number of studies have been conducted on these three competencies, they have not been conflated for discussion in a single study.
To set the context, this article gives a brief overview on the use. It has its roots in a sociological, and specifically, ethnomethodological research tradition. The contributions of conversation analysis and interactional. Interactional practices in language teaching and learning. A conversation analysis approach 69 cas research foundation in the 1960s and 1970s focused on the structure of everyday conversations and how competent interlocutors used language for communication. A conversationanalytic study of patient consultations in pharmacy represents a milestone in the interdisciplinary application of conversation analysis. In this paper, i adopt both an indirect by uncovering conversational phenomena and a direct teaching through the insights gained from a detailed analysis approach to materials. Next, the research methodology, including data collection, research subjects and the chosen classroom task will be outlined. In the assessment of interactional competence, several authors have claimed that a close analysis needs to be made of the identity, linguistic, and interactiona l resources employed by. Keywords assessment, context, conversation analysis, interactional competence, speaking construct, task perhaps more than any other skill area in second language testing, the assessment of speaking has seen substantial changes.
The publication of hanh thi nguyens book developing interactional competence. Christopher jenks main research approach is microanalysis e. Against the backdrop of communicative competence and interactional competence, a heuristic model of interactional practices is proposed. I conclude with a proposal for a conversation analysisinteractional. Then, arguing that more suitable conceptual tools are needed to better capture current understandings of language knowledge and objects of l2 learning, i offer repertoire, semiotic resources, and register as alternative terms to competence and grammar. Ca began with a focus on casual conversation, but its methods were subsequently adapted to embrace more task and institutioncentered. Based on the analysis of these models, wen proposed her own model for. I conclude with a proposal for a conversation analysisinteractional linguistics. Article information, pdf download for using conversation analysis in. Interactional competence across proficiency levels. A window into the ontogenesis of interactional competence.
India plough michigan state university, usa jayanti banerjee paragon testing enterprises, canada noriko iwashita university of queensland, australia abstract the papers in this special issue provide support for continued scrutiny of interactional competence ic as an important component of the speaking construct. From communicative competence to interactional competence. Using conversation analysis in the authors 2011 the. In this article, we pursue this line of research by focusing on a single. Qualitative research conversation analysis guidelines. From a ca perspective, interactional competence can be considered as the ability to jointly use. Linguistic competence, communicative competence and.
We will begin by delineating how ic is theorized in conversation analysis ca, the academic discipline that specializes in the study of social interaction. Farzad sharifian a dissertation submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy phd phd program in linguistics and applied linguistics. This research applies conversation analysis ca to interaction within an english as a foreign. Developing interactional competence by using tv series in english as an additional language classrooms. The purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate the transferability of efl students interactional competence ic. Meanwhile, studies with a conversation analytic methodology have shown that learner participation depends in part on teachers interactional practices or. Linguistic competence, communicative competence, and interactional competence have had a profound impact on second language teaching, learning, and testing.
Role of paired task and testtaker speaking ability in coconstructed discourse by katharina kley a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctor of philosophy degree in second language acquisition in the graduate college of the university of iowa may 2015. A study of international students in australia by annemarie barrajarohan supervised by prof. A conversational analysis model for promoting practices of interactional competence in the efl context. Being a story recipient in l2 english conversation.
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